IGIHE Kinyarwanda

{Uwishe Intwari Niyitegeka Felicita mu gihe cya Jenoside yarabyiyemereye. Aya makuru akaba yarahayawe inkiko.}

Niyitegeka Felicita ni mwene Sekabwa Simoni na Nyirampabuka Angelina. Yavukiye i Vumbi mu Mujyi wa Huye mu 1934. Yari ubuheta mu muryango w’abana icumi. Niyitegeka Félicité yize amashuri abanza Astrida (Butare) mu kigo cyayoborwaga n’Ababikira Bera kuva mu 1941 kugera mu 1946, akomeza ayisumbuye i Save mu ishuri ry’abarimukazi (Ecole de Monitrices) ryayoborwaga n’Ababikira Bera. Yari uwihayimana mu muryango w’aba Auxiliaire de l’Apostolat, ku Gisenyi. Uwamwishe mu gihe cya Jenoside akaba yarabyiyemereye.

Yishwe ku wa 21 Mata 1994, mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kubera ko yanze kwitandukanya n’abo yari yahaye ubuhungiro hamwe na bagenzi be bari muri “Centre Saint Pierre” ku Gisenyi. Nk’uko biri mu buhamya bunyuranye bwatanzwe nyuma y’urupfu rwe, musaza we Col. Nzungize Alphonse wari mu Ngabo za Leta y’Abatabazi wayoboraga ikigo cya gisirikari cya Bigogwe muri icyo gihe, ngo yashatse kumuhungisha, ariko Niyitegeka arabyanga. Mu kabaruwa kagufi yamwandikiye, yamushimiye ko ashatse kumukiza, ariko amubwira ko atakwemera gusiga abari bamuhungiyeho. Ati: “aho guhungisha ubuzima bwanjye, nsize abo nshinzwe, bagera kuri 43, mpisemo gupfana nabo…”.

{{Uwamwishe yiyemereye icyaha cya Jenoside mu 1998}}

Niyitegeka Felicita, yishwe arashwe n’umuntu witwa Omar Serushago. Mu nyandiko ndende ikubiyemo ubuhamya yitangiye ku bushake, yiyemerera icyaha, ku itariki ya 3 Gashyantare 1998, Omar Serushago yabwiye Jean Bastarache na Rejean Tremblay bo mu rukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda Arusha muri Tanzania ko mu bo yishe, harimo na mushiki wa Col. Nzungize, ari we Niyitegeka. Muri iyo nyandiko, hari aho Serushago yavuze ati: “Twashyize Abatutsi mu ma minibisi, tubajyana ku irimbi kugira ngo tubice. Nishe bane, umugabo umwe n’abagore batatu. Nabicishije imbunda yanjye.” Muri abo, harimo Felicita Niyitegeka. Ngo icyo gihe, musaza we w’umusirikari abimenye, yashatse kumukurikirana, Serushago ahungira muri hoteli Meridien y’i Gisenyi, ajyana na Thomasi Mugiraneza (bafatanyaga kwica nk’uko amuvuga muri ubwo buhamya).

Hari abandi yishe yivugira tutagarutseho. Nzungize, yasanze abishwe bamaze gutabwa mu byobo byari byacukuriwe Abatutsi bicwaga. Ubuhamya bw’ababibonye, buvuga ko yashatse aho yajugunywe, n’imyambaro ye, akamushyingura.

Muri 1998, nibwo Serushago Omar yabaye umuntu wa kabiri wemeye icyaha cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, muri TPIR, nyuma ya Kambanda Yohani wari Ministiri w’Intebe muriGuverinoma y’Abatabazi. Uyu Omar Serushago, nk’uko tubisoma mu nyandiko za Fondation Hirondelle, yahamwe n’icyaha cya jenoside mu rukiko mpanamyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, Arusha muri Tanzaniya. Yari yafatiwe mu gihugu cya Cote d’Ivoire, ku ya 10 Kamena 1998 agezwa Arusha nyuma y’ukwezi, aza guhabwa igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 12. Yunganirwaga mu mategeko n’Umunyatanzaniya Me Mohamed Ismael. Omar Serushago, ngo wari ukuriye Interahamwe muri Gisenyi, yari azwi no ku kazina ka Faizi, akaba yari umuvunjayi mu myaka ya 1990.

Ubutwari bwa Niyitegeka Felicita bwahawe agaciro na Leta y’u Rwanda
Nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hagiye hatangwa ubuhamya bunyuranye ku bantu bagize umutima wa kimuntu, bakanga akarengane n’ivangura, ndetse bakazira ko bahishe Abatutsi, bagapfana nabo. Mu bamenyekanye, harimo na Niyitegeka Felicita. Mu gukora urutonde rw’Intwari z’Igihugu, abari babishinzwe basanze ubutwari yagize mu buzima bwe bwose bumuhesha kujya mu cyiciro cy’Intwari z’Imena. Ibi byatangajwe n’icyemezo cy’Inama y’Abaministiri yateranye ku ya 12 Nzeli 2011.

Ubuyobozi bw’Igihugu nibwo bwashyizeho gahunda ijyanye no kwibuka Intwari z’Igihugu, mu rwego rwo kuzirikana ubutwari zagize, no gutoza abaturage kugera ikirenge mu cy’izo ntwari. Umunsi mukuru w’Intwari wizihizwa buri wa tariki ya mbere gashyantare. Ku ya 7 ugushyingo 2011, ubwo yashyikirizaga imitwe yombi y’inteko ishinga amategeko gahunda y’imyaka itandatu ya Guverinoma, Minisitiri w’Intebe Habumuremyi Pierre Damien, yavuze ko u Rwanda ruzashyiraho urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe intwari z’igihugu, impeta n’imidari by’ishimwe, mu rwego rwo kubashimira ibikorwa by’ubutwari bagaragaje.

Si Leta y’u Rwanda yonyine, African Rights, umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ku rwego mpuzamahanga, na wo wasohoye igitabo gikubiyemo amazina n’ubuhamya ku bantu baranzwe n’ubwitange mu gukiza abahigwaga muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ku rutonde rwasohowe nyuma y’imyaka umunani jenoside ibaye, harimo abagore n’abagabo, abihayimana n’abaturage basanzwe by’umwihariko na Niyitegeka Felicita.

Kiliziya Gatulika mu Rwanda yamuha umwanya akwiye
Mu nyandiko ya “African Rights” (wasanga kuri http://survie67.free.fr/Rwanda/African_Rights_Hommage_Courage.htm) harimo ibisobanuro bigaragaza ko ubuyobozi bwa Kiliziya Gatulika mu Rwanda atari bwo bwategetse abagize ubutwari bwo guhisha Abatutsi muri jenoside, n’ubwo bwari bubifite ububasha bwo kubashyigikira. Ngo ibikorwa byaranze abitanze nka Niyitegeka byagiye bikorwa n’umuntu ku giti cye, biturutse ku mutima mwiza yari yifitemo, n’amahitamo mazima, mu bihe bikomeye. Yewe ngo hari n’abahishe Abatutsi bakabipfa n’ababakuriye muri kiliziya. Abo muri African Rights bakavuga ko ubutwari bw’abihayimana bamwe na bamwe bwagaragaye icyo gihe bwatumye bamwe mu barokotse jenoside bifuza ko bashyirwa mu rwego rw’abamaritiri no mu batagatifu, bibukwa muri kiliziya.

Immaculée Tuyisenge warokotse nyuma yo guhishwa na Niyitegeka, mu buhamya bwe bumaze igihe, na we yifuje ko Niyitegeka Felicita yazashyirwa mu rwego rw’abatagatifu, kuko ubutwari bwe burimo isomo ritazibagirana mu kwitangira abo ushinzwe n’abandi bamugananaga, cyane cyane mu bihe bikomeye.

Abayobozi ba kiliziya gatulika mu Rwanda ntibakunze kuvuga kuri dosiye nk’izi zo kugira Umunyarwanda wakwigwaho akajya mu bahire. Umwe mu basenyeri bo mu Rwanda aherutse kubwira itangazamakuru ko iki kibazo cyananiye abayobozi ba kiliziya mu Rwanda, ubwo yemezaga ko Papa Yohani Pawulo wa kabili ataritaba Imana yabwiye abo akuriye mu Rwanda kureba ingero z’abakwigwaho bakajya muri urwo rwego rw’intangarugero muri kiliziya, nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ariko ngo abasenyeri babisabwe bakaba batarigeze babikora!

Muri Afrika hari abashyizwe mu rwego rw’abahire bake ugereranyije n’abo ku mugabane w’Uburayi. Ariko aha, twakwemera ko nta mibare nyayo dufite. Gusa, ingero z’Abanyafrika, zahera mu bihugu by’ibituranyi: Abahowe Imana 22 b’i Bugande bishwe hagati ya 1885 na 1887, bashyizwe mu rwego rw’Abatagatifu muri 1964. Umubikira Anuarite Nengapeta Marie-Clémentine wo muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo wanze gusambanywa ku ngufu mu 1964 yashyizwe mu batagatifu mu 1999; Izidore Bakanja na we wo muri DRC, wahowe ubukristu mu 1909, yashyizwe mu bahire mu 1994. Hari n’abandi nka Iwene Tansi uwihayimana wo muri Nigeria, witabye Imana mu 1964, agashyirwa mu bahire mu 1986; Bakhita Josephine wo muri Sudani, witabyimana mu 1947 agashyirwa mu bahire mu 1992 no mu batagatifu muri 2000.

N’ubwo Imana ariyo yihitiramo, bivuze ko hari n’abandi baba barabaye intangarugero batibukwa ku isi, iyo umuntu wagize neza azirikanwe ku mugaragaro, bibera abakiriho urugero, bakagerageza kwigana imyitwarire n’imigenzo myiza yagiraga.

{{Inkuru dukesha:}} Imvaho Nshya