{Iki ni igice cya kabiri cy\u2019umutwe wa mbere w\u2019igitabo \u201cu Rwanda rushya : iterambere n\u2019imibereho myiza” cyanditswe na Sondra Myers.}<\/p>\n
Amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko hagati y\u2019Abahutu n\u2019Abatutsi yakomeye cyane mu gihe cy\u2019ubukoroni. Mbere y\u2019ubukorni, ubutegetsi bwari bushingiye ku kugenzura urwego rw\u2019ubukungu rwari rushingiye
\nku nkingi eshatu arizo: umutungo w\u2019ubutaka buhingwaho, amatungo n\u2019umutekano. <\/p>\n
Abanyarwanda bari bafite umuco umwe kuva mbere y\u2019ubukoroni mu Rwanda. Bivugwa ko abahutu bageze mu Rwanda ahagana mu myaka 1,000 ishize, bakahasanga abatwa batuye. Abatutsi, bivugwa ko bageze mu guhugu imyaka 400 nyuma yaho (mu kinyejana cya 15) maze bafata umuco w\u2019abahutu. Abatutsi bafashe ururimi ndetse bafata n\u2019imihango n\u2019imigenzo y\u2019abahutu, kandi babanaga nabo. U Rwanda icyo gihe rwari \u201cImbaga y\u2019inyabutatu,\u201d (ni ukuvuga abatutsi, abahutu n\u2019abatwa). Ururimi rw\u2019ikinyarwanda ntirubafasha gusa gutumanaho ahubwo rubafasha kumva ibintu kimwe, bakagira icyerekezo kimwe kandi bakumva kimwe politiki y\u2019igihugu.<\/p>\n
Ikindi kandi ni uko Umuhango wo kwambaza Lyangombe (Imana abanyarwanda bakundaga kwiyambaza) cyari ikimenyetso cy\u2019uko abanyarwanda bari bashyize hamwe mu bice bitandukanye mbere y\u2019ubukoroni. Abatutsi abahutu n\u2019abatwa babanaga neza, kandi bumvaga ko bagize umuryango umwe, ko bose bakomoka kuri Gihanga, wahanze u Rwanda nkuko babyemeraga. Amoko twayasangaga mu bice byose by\u2019igihugu, nta karere runaka k\u2019igihugu kari kihariye ubwoko runaka. Umuryango, imibanire ishingiye ku bukungu ndetse n\u2019umuco nibyo byari ishingiro ry\u2019umuryango nyarwanda wo hambere. <\/p>\n
Imibereho n\u2019imibanire mu rwego rw\u2019ubukungu yaterwaga n\u2019inka umuntu yoroye ndetse n\u2019ubutaka afite. Uwabaga afite inka zirenze icumi yabaga yitwaga Umututsi, naho uwabaga afite nke cyangwa azirengeje ariko atunzwe ahanini n\u2019ubuhinzi yitwaga umuhutu. Abari batunzwe no guhiga no gusoroma imbuto bitwaga abatwa. Mu gihe cy\u2019imyaka 500, abake aribo borozi b\u2019abatutsi nibo bategekaga abahinzi aribo bahutu
\nndetse n\u2019abahigi bakaba n\u2019ababumbyi aribo batwa.<\/p>\n
Ubukoroni bwazanye ibintu bishya byinshi byahungabanyije uburinganire mu muryango nyarwanda. Ubukoroni bw\u2019abadage bwatangiye mu mpera z\u2019ikinyejana cya 19 kugera mu 1916. Abakoroni b\u2019abadage bemeraga ubutegetsi n\u2019ububasha bw\u2019umwami ku butaka. Ariko ababirigi bazanye impinduka zikomeye mu micungire y\u2019igihugu ku buryo byagize ingaruka ku buryo bw\u2019imiyoborere. U Rwanda rwahindutse indagano y\u2019ububirigi bisabwe n\u2019Umuryango mpuzamahanga nyuma y\u2019Intambara ya Mbere y\u2019Isi. <\/p>\n
Abakoroni b\u2019ababirigi bageze mu Rwanda mu 1916 bafashe abatutsi n\u2019abahutu nk\u2019ubwoko butandukanye maze batanga indangamuntu zibatandukanya. Bakuyeho ubutegetsi n\u2019imiyoborere yari iriho maze bishyiriraho ubutegetsi bwabo. Ivugurura ryo mu 1926 ryagabanyije igihugu mo za sheferi maze rikuraho uburyo bwa kera aho umushefu yashoboraga kugira ibikingi mu bice bitandukanye by\u2019igihugu bigatuma agira ububasha mu butegetsi bw\u2019igihugu. Gukuraho iyo mitegekere mu kugenzura imicungire y\u2019igihugu byahungabanyije cyane umuryango nyarwanda.<\/p>\n
Abahutu bari bagize 84% by\u2019abaturage, abatutsi aribo bake, nibo bari barize bagize 15%, n\u2019aho abatwa bakaba 1%. Mu gihe kinini cy\u2019ubukoroni, abategetsi b\u2019ababirigi bakurikizaga ihame ryo kuvuga ko abatutsi bari hejuru y\u2019abahutu, bashyiraho ubutegetsi bw\u2019abatutsi bakuraho abashefu b\u2019abahutu, batonesha abatutsi akaba aribo bashyira mu mashuri kandi bashyira mu myanya y\u2019ubutegetsi bw\u2019ubutaka mu maboko y\u2019abatutsi. Ikindi twavuga ni uko politiki y\u2019ababirigi yashyigikiye cyane irangamuntu y\u2019ubwoko maze gutandukanya abantu bishingiye ku mibereho n\u2019umutungo babisimbuza ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko. Nibwo rero mu 1959, babifashijwemo n\u2019abakoroni b\u2019ababirigi, abahutu bahiritse ubutegetsi bw\u2019umwami bw\u2019abatutsi maze bashyiraho ubutegetsi bwamaze imyaka 35 hategeka abahutu. <\/p>\n
Mu 1959, ni ukuvuga imyaka itatu mbere y\u2019u bwigenge bwatanzwe n\u2019ababirigi, abahutu bakuyeho umwami w\u2019umututsi. Mu 1962 u Rwanda rwabaye igihugu cyigenga kiyoborwa na Minisitiri w\u2019intebe wa mbere ariwe Gregoire Kayibanda. Kuva icyo gihe hakomeje kuba amakimbirane hagati y\u2019abategetsi bashya aribo bahutu, bari bagize umubare munini w\u2019abaturage, n\u2019abategetsi bari bavuyeho aribo batutsi, bari bagize umubare muto w\u2019abaturage. Byarakomeje akaba ari nabyo byavuyemo iyicwa ry\u2019abatutsi bageze ku 1000 mu 1963. Abatutsi bahunze kuva mu 1960 ntibigeze bemererwa kugaruka mu Rwanda bityo baguma mu buhungiro imyaka 30 batagira igihugu. Mu Rwanda hakomeje kuba ibikorwa byo guhungabanya uburenganzira bwa muntu mbere ya Jenoside yo muri Mata 1994. <\/p>\n
Muri icyo gihe ibihumbi by\u2019abatutsi barishwe, abandi bagera ku 150.000 bahungira mu bihugu bikikije u Rwanda. Abana b\u2019izo mpunzi nibo nyuma bashinze inyeshyamba zitwa RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front), batangira intambara mu 1990. Kuva icyo gihe abanyarwanda batangiye kumwa badatekanye kubera ibi bikurikira:Gutera kwa FPR mu 1990, guhatira u Rwanda gushyiraho Gahunda y\u2019ivugurura ry\u2019imikorere y\u2019inzego yatumye habaho umubare munini w\u2019abashomeri mu mugi, guhatira u Rwanda politiki y\u2019amashyaka menshi byatumye habaho
\nigabanuka ry\u2019ubukungu. Bityo rero, byatumye abantu benshi bagaruka ku iturufu y\u2019ubwoko bakabiterwamo inkunga n\u2019abanyabolitiki ba ntibindeba.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, indege yari itwaye Perezida w\u2019u Rwanda Juvenal Habyarimana yarahanuwe ubwo yiteguraga kugwa i Kigali maze ahita yitaba Imana. Ibi byabaye imbarutso ya Jenoside. Bivugwa ko Jenoside yateguwe kandi igashyirwa mu bikorwa na Leta kandi ugasanga ari ubugambanyi bwaranzwe n\u2019ibikorwa by\u2019ubugizi bwa nabi kuva mu 1959.<\/p>\n
Bamwe mu bagize guverinoma, cyane cyane Minisitiri w\u2019intebe bashinze imitwe yitwara gisirikare y\u2019abahutu mu gihugu cyose kugirango bice abatutsi ku buryo buteguwe neza. Jenoside yatangiye muri Mata igeza muri Nyakanga 1994 ikaba yarahitanye inzirakarengane zigera kuri miliyoni mu minsi ijana. Abagabo, abagore n\u2019abana bishwe urw\u2019agashinyaguro. Abagore n\u2019abakobwa bafashwe ku ngufu bakorerwa iyicarubozo. Abacitse ku icumu babayeho ubuzima bubi kandi barababara cyane iyo bibutse uburyo bafashwe ku ngufu, uko batemaguwe n\u2019uko ababo bishwe.<\/p>\n
Bamwe barokotse kuko bahunze bagasiga ibintu byabo maze imiryango yabo irahambirizwa. Abize, abagabo n\u2019abagore, abana yemwe n\u2019ababikira n\u2019abapadiri biroshye mu bwicanyi. Abatutsi babamenyaga hifashishijwe indangamuntu kuri za bariyeri. Abaturage bishe inshuti kuko babikanguriwe na Leta ndetse na ba Burugumesitiri. Radiyo
\nya FPR Muhubara yagaragaje mu itangazamakuru ry\u2019i Burayi ko ifite ingabo zifite disipuline, zifite icyo zirwanira, zihanganye na Leta irangwa n\u2019imikorere mibi ishingiye kuri Jenoside nk\u2019intwaro yo kuguma ku butegetsi.<\/p>\n
Hagati aho Leta y\u2019u Rwanda nayo yakoreshaga Radiyo y\u2019urwango RTLM kugira ngo irusheho gukangurira abaturage kwica abatutsi benshi bashoboka. Leta muri poropagande yayo yitaga FPR ko ari inyenzi. Insengero zahindutse amabagiro n\u2019ahakorwa ubugizi bwa nabi n\u2019ubwicanyi bukomeye. Raporo ya Minisiteri y\u2019ubutegetsi bw\u2019igihugu muri raporo yayo yo mu 2002, yagaragaje ko cumi na rimwe ku ijana by\u2019abazize Jenoside biciwe mu nsengero. Abahutu bangaga kwifatanya n\u2019abandi muri ubwo bwicanyi nabo baricwaga. Ku rundi ruhande, ingabo zigizwe ahanini n\u2019abatutsi za FPR, zahiritse ubutegetsi bw\u2019abahutu maze zifata umujyi wa Kigali ku itariki ya 04 Nyakanga. <\/p>\n
Abahutu bagera kuri miliyoni ebyiri bahise bahungira mu cyahoze cyitwa Zaire, ariyo Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC), Burundi, Tanzania na Uganda. Nyuma y\u2019iminsi cumi n\u2019itanu, hashyizweho Guverinoma y\u2019Ubumwe iyobowe na Perezida Pasteur Bizimungu. <\/p>\n
Mu 2003, Nyakubahwa Paul Kagame yabaye Perezida wa mbere utowe n\u2019abaturage, yongera gutorwa mu 2010.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
{Iki ni igice cya kabiri cy\u2019umutwe wa mbere w\u2019igitabo \u201cu Rwanda rushya : iterambere n\u2019imibereho myiza” cyanditswe na Sondra Myers.} Amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko hagati y\u2019Abahutu n\u2019Abatutsi yakomeye cyane mu gihe cy\u2019ubukoroni. Mbere y\u2019ubukorni, ubutegetsi bwari bushingiye ku kugenzura urwego rw\u2019ubukungu rwari rushingiye ku nkingi eshatu arizo: umutungo w\u2019ubutaka buhingwaho, amatungo n\u2019umutekano. Abanyarwanda bari bafite […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"archived_slugs":[],"footnotes":"","igh_game_id":0},"categories":[9821],"tags":[16770],"byline":[13415],"hashtag":[],"class_list":["post-20772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-u-rwanda-rushya","tag-homenews","byline-sondra-myers"],"bylines":[{"id":13415,"name":"Sondra Myers","slug":"sondra-myers","description":"","image":{"id":0,"url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&f=y&r=g","alt":"Default avatar","title":"Default avatar","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","sizes":[]},"user_id":null,"twitter_handle":""}],"contributors":[{"id":13415,"name":"Sondra Myers","slug":"sondra-myers","description":"","image":{"id":0,"url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&f=y&r=g","alt":"Default avatar","title":"Default avatar","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","sizes":[]},"user_id":null,"twitter_handle":""}],"featured_image":null,"live_coverage":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/next.igihe.com\/kinyarwanda\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20772","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/next.igihe.com\/kinyarwanda\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/next.igihe.com\/kinyarwanda\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/next.igihe.com\/kinyarwanda\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/next.igihe.com\/kinyarwanda\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20772"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/next.igihe.com\/kinyarwanda\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20772\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/next.igihe.com\/kinyarwanda\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/next.igihe.com\/kinyarwanda\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/next.igihe.com\/kinyarwanda\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20772"},{"taxonomy":"byline","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/next.igihe.com\/kinyarwanda\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/byline?post=20772"},{"taxonomy":"hashtag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/next.igihe.com\/kinyarwanda\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtag?post=20772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}